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''Training Rules'' is a 63-minute award-winning 2009 American documentary film co-produced and co-directed by Dee Mosbacher and Fawn Yacker. It is narrated by Diana Nyad. The documentary, subtitled as ''No Drinking, No Drugs, No Lesbians'' is a Woman Vision film. Director Mosbacher, a lesbian feminist activist filmmaker and psychiatrist established Woman Vision as a nonprofit organization, to promote tolerance and equal treatment of all people through the production and use of educational media, ''Training Rules'' examines how women's collegiate sports, caught in a web of homophobic practices, collude in the destruction of the lives and dreams of many of its most talented athletes. It focuses on the women's basketball program at Pennsylvania State University under head coach Rene Portland and her policy of discrimination on her players based on their sexual orientation over a 27-year period as coach of the university's basketball program, particularly from the 1980s to the late 1990s. ==Characters== According to testimony in the documentary, Rene Portland, who became Penn State's women's basketball coach in 1980, was open with her recruits about her distaste for gay individuals. She set the policy as "No Drinking, No Drugs, No Lesbians,"〔(Director Dee Mosbacher's article in ''The Huffington Post'': "No Drinking, No Drugs, No Lesbians: How homophobia still rules in sports" )〕 letting every player know that being a lesbian or associating with lesbians would not be tolerated under any circumstance. If a player violated this "rule," she would be dismissed immediately;〔(Lindsey d'Arcangelo article in CurveMag: "Training Rules addresses homophobia in college athletics" )〕 hence, the title of the film, "Training Rules." After Portland had coached for 25 winning seasons at Penn State, Jennifer Harris, a player expelled from the program in 2005 who believes she was excluded because she was a lesbian, and the National Center for Lesbian Rights filed a lawsuit that prompted former Penn State players to come out to corroborate Harris’ story. In February 2007, when Portland and her co-defendants appeared on the verge of losing a legal judgment, the case was settled out of court. Portland then resigned in March 2007. Lisa Faloon, who was also interviewed in the documentary, says that Portland warned players that their scholarship would be canceled and they would never play basketball again if they talked to players suspended because of their sexual orientation. Cindy Davies was another talented young basketball player struggling with her sexuality in the 1980s. When interviewed for the documentary, she said that coach Portland threatened to out her to her parents and to the media, as well as to expel her from the team. Davies left Penn State quietly. In 1986, Portland's views were first quoted in the ''Chicago Sun-Times'': "I will not have lesbians on my team".〔(Jody Diperna article in TrueSlant: "Training Rules, an examination of the 'No Lesbians' policy at Penn State )〕 USA Today’s Christine Brennan attempted to encapsulate the real problem by wondering what would have happened if Portland had had a different policy: "I will not recruit black people. I will not recruit Jewish people. I will not recruit Asian people. How quickly would that woman be fired?"〔(Cyd Zeigler Jr. article in OutSports: "Training Rules casts personal shadows over Rene Portland controversy" )〕 She went on to note that the same outcry apparently did not apply if a coach said that he or she would not recruit lesbians. Neither Penn State's president nor the head of athletics took any action related to the "no lesbians' policy, in spite of the fact that it violated the University's non-discrimination policy related to sexual orientation, which was passed in 1991.〔 Under Portland’s 27-year tenure as Penn State’s women’s basketball coach (from the 1980-81 season through 2006-07), there were 113 student-athletes who appeared on the Penn State roster.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= 2013-14 Penn State Lady Lion Yearbook )〕 Seven players from Portland’s final season remained on the squad when Coquese Washington became the next head coach. Hence, there were 106 players who concluded their time as Lady Lions under Portland. Of these, 57 completed 4-year college careers at Penn State; however, the rest (49, or nearly half) stayed less than four seasons.〔 Thus, close to 46% of Portland’s players left Penn State while they still had college eligibility remaining. The comparable attrition rate under Washington has been 21%.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Training Rules」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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